World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://wjon.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 4, August 2026, pages 463-476

The Association Between Potential Nuclear Factor-Kappa B1 Gene Polymorphism rs28362491 and miR-206 Level in Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

↓ Figure 1. Distribution of NF-κB1 genotypes among different subject groups. NF-κB1: nuclear factor-kappa B1; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

↓ Figure 2. WBC counts across different subject groups. WBC: white blood cell; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

↓ Figure 3. miR-206 expression across different subject groups. ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; miRNA: microRNA.

↓ Figure 4. Genotype frequencies of -94 ATTG polymorphism (rs28362491) across different groups. ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

↓ Figure 5. Allele frequencies of -94 ATTG polymorphism (rs28362491) across different groups. ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

↓ Figure 6. Association between -94 ATTG polymorphism genotypes and miR-206 expression levels in ALL patients. ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; miRNA: microRNA.

↓ Figure 7. Association between -94 ATTG polymorphism genotypes and WBC levels in ALL patients. WBC: white blood cell; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

↓ Figure 8. Association between -94 ATTG polymorphism genotypes disease status in ALL patients. ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia

↓ **Table 1.** miRNAs and Their Expression in ALL
ALL	miRNAs	Expression data
miRNAs: microRNAs; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MLL: mixed lineage leukemia; BCR-ABL1: breakpoint cluster region–Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1.
MLL rearranged	MiR-1, let-7b28b, miR-708	Downregulation
t (12;21) (p13; q22) ETV6-RUNX1	MiR-100, miR-125b, miR-99a, miR-126, let-7c, miR-181a	Upregulation of miR-100, miR-125b, miR-99a, miR-126, let-7c; downregulation of miR-181a
t (9;22) (q34; q11) BCR-ABL1	MiR-125b, miR-203	Overexpression of miR-125b; downregulation of miR-203
Hyperdiploid karyotype	MiR-222, miR-223, miR-374, miR-660, miR-98 and miR-511	Upregulation
t (1;19) (q23; p13) TCF3-PBX1	MiR-126, miR-146a, miR-511, miR-545, miR-365, miR-24, miR-30d, miR-193, miR-181, miR-708	Downregulation of miR-126, miR-146a, miR-511, miR-545, miR-365, miR-24, miR-30d, miR-193; upregulation of miR-181, miR-708
T-ALL	MiR-17-92, miR-128, miR-708, miR-196b, miR-128, miR-181, miR-29, miR-150, miR-99a, and miR-708	Overexpression of miR-17-92, miR-708, miR-196b, miR-128, miR181; downregulation of miR-29

↓ Table 1. miRNAs and Their Expression in ALL

ALL

miRNAs

Expression data

miRNAs: microRNAs; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MLL: mixed lineage leukemia; BCR-ABL1: breakpoint cluster region–Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1.

MLL rearranged

MiR-1, let-7b28b, miR-708

Downregulation

t (12;21) (p13; q22) ETV6-RUNX1

MiR-100, miR-125b, miR-99a, miR-126, let-7c, miR-181a

Upregulation of miR-100, miR-125b, miR-99a, miR-126, let-7c; downregulation of miR-181a

t (9;22) (q34; q11) BCR-ABL1

MiR-125b, miR-203

Overexpression of miR-125b; downregulation of miR-203

Hyperdiploid karyotype

MiR-222, miR-223, miR-374, miR-660, miR-98 and miR-511

Upregulation

t (1;19) (q23; p13) TCF3-PBX1

MiR-126, miR-146a, miR-511, miR-545, miR-365, miR-24, miR-30d, miR-193, miR-181, miR-708

Downregulation of miR-126, miR-146a, miR-511, miR-545, miR-365, miR-24, miR-30d, miR-193; upregulation of miR-181, miR-708

T-ALL

MiR-17-92, miR-128, miR-708, miR-196b, miR-128, miR-181, miR-29, miR-150, miR-99a, and miR-708

Overexpression of miR-17-92, miR-708, miR-196b, miR-128, miR181; downregulation of miR-29

↓ **Table 2.** Materials Used in the Study
Kit	Supplier	Catalog No.
PCR: polymerase chain reaction.
miRNeasy FFPE Advanced Kit	Qiagen, Germany	No 217504
miRCURY LNA RT Kit	Qiagen, Germany	No. 339340
Quick-DNA/RNAm™ PFPE Kit	ZYMO Research, USA	No 3067
miRCURY LNA SYBR^® Green PCR Kit (600)	Qiagen, Germany	No. 339346
TaqMan^® Universal PCR Master	Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA	No. 4371355

↓ Table 2. Materials Used in the Study

Kit

Supplier

Catalog No.

PCR: polymerase chain reaction.

miRNeasy FFPE Advanced Kit

Qiagen, Germany

No 217504

miRCURY LNA RT Kit

Qiagen, Germany

No. 339340

Quick-DNA/RNAm™ PFPE Kit

ZYMO Research, USA

No 3067

miRCURY LNA SYBR^® Green PCR Kit (600)

Qiagen, Germany

No. 339346

TaqMan^® Universal PCR Master

Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA

No. 4371355

↓ **Table 3.** Patients Disease Characteristics for Hodgkin Lymphoma
	Gender	Age (year)	WBC count ≥ 15,000/mm³ (1 point)	Lymphocyte count < 600/mm³ or < 8% of WBC count (1 point)	Disease status at last encounter	Patient’s status at last encounter	Relapse
WBC: white blood cell; CR: complete remission; NoCR: non-remission; PR: partial remission; VGPR: very good partial remission.
1	Male	33	7	35%	CR	Alive	No
2	Male	34	14	26%	CR	Alive	No
3	Female	22	7	20%	Missed	Alive	Missed
4	Male	28	8	5.50%	CR	Alive	Yes
5	Male	36	10	20%	PR	Alive	Yes
6	Female	40	8	2.50%	CR	Alive	No
7	Male	38	10	51%	CR	Alive	No
8	Male	28	8	36%	PR	Alive	Yes
9	Male	28	10	20%	CR	Alive	Yes
10	Male	40	8	40%	CR	Alive	No
11	Female	36	9	30%	Missed	Alive	No
12	Female	50	Missed	Missed	CR	Alive	Yes
13	Male	22	9	35%	CR	Alive	Missed
14	Female	36	10	35%	PR	Alive	Yes
15	Female	25	9	34%	CR	Alive	No
16	Male	35	11	23%	Missed	Alive	Yes
17	Female	21	12	34%	NoCR	Alive	Yes
18	Male	24	13	23%	CR	Alive	No
19	Male	26	13	20%	VGPR	Alive	Yes
20	Female	22	12	45%	NoCR	Alive	Yes
21	Female	49	10	29%	PR	Alive	Yes
22	Female	41	23	32%	CR	Alive	No
23	Male	26	18	32%	CR	Alive	No
24	Male	36	10	21%	CR	Alive	No
25	Male	46	20	23%	CR	Alive	No
26	Male	25	10	34%	CR	Alive	Missed
27	Male	33	14	23%	CR	Alive	Missed
28	Male	23	10	34%	CR	Alive	Missed

↓ Table 3. Patients Disease Characteristics for Hodgkin Lymphoma

Gender

Age (year)

WBC count ≥ 15,000/mm³ (1 point)

Lymphocyte count < 600/mm³ or < 8% of WBC count (1 point)

Disease status at last encounter

Patient’s status at last encounter

Relapse

WBC: white blood cell; CR: complete remission; NoCR: non-remission; PR: partial remission; VGPR: very good partial remission.

Male

35%

Alive

Male

26%

Alive

Female

20%

Missed

Alive

Missed

Male

5.50%

Alive

Yes

Male

20%

Alive

Yes

Female

2.50%

Alive

Male

51%

Alive

Male

36%

Alive

Yes

Male

20%

Alive

Yes

Male

40%

Alive

Female

30%

Missed

Alive

Female

Missed

Alive

Yes

Male

35%

Alive

Missed

Female

35%

Alive

Yes

Female

34%

Alive

Male

23%

Missed

Alive

Yes

Female

34%

NoCR

Alive

Yes

Male

23%

Alive

Male

20%

VGPR

Alive

Yes

Female

45%

NoCR

Alive

Yes

Female

29%

Alive

Yes

Female

32%

Alive

Male

32%

Alive

Male

21%

Alive

Male

23%

Alive

Male

34%

Alive

Missed

Male

23%

Alive

Missed

Male

34%

Alive

Missed

↓ **Table 4.** Patients Disease Characteristics for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Number	Gender	Age at diagnosis (year)	WBC (× 10⁹/L)	Conventional karyotyping	PCR for BCR-Abl: positive/negative
PCR: polymerase chain reaction; WBC: white blood cell; M: male; F: female; BCR-ABL: breakpoint cluster region–Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog.
1	Male	45	9.60	46,XY	Negative
2	Male	36	13.00	46,XY	Negative
3	Male	63	25.00	46,XY	Negative
4	Male	51	159.00	46,XY, t(9;22)	Positive
5	Male	21	7.00	46,XY	Negative
6	Female	20	61.00	46,XX,t(4;11)	Negative
7	Male	32	4.20	46,XY, t(9;22)	Positive
8	Male	22	0.50	46,XY	Negative
9	Male	35	60.00	46,XY	Negative
10	Male	44	9.50	46,XY	Negative
11	Female	26	7.50	46,XY	Negative
12	Male	41	4.40	46,XY	Negative
13	Male	34	4.20	46,XY	Positive
14	Male	42	70.00	46,XY	Negative
15	Male	47	22.00	46,XY,t(4; 11)	Negative
16	Male	37	2.80	46,XY,t(9;22)	Positive
17	Male	36	61.00	47,XY,+21,der (1)(q), t(11;22)(p11;p11)	Negative
18	Male	35	60.00	46,XY	Negative
19	Male	21	5.80	47,XY, add,9,11	Negative
20	Male	18	22.00	46,XY	Negative
21	Male	24	18.00	46,XY	Negative
22	Female	51	2.10	46,XY	Negative
23	Female	21	37.00	Missed	Negative
24	Male	20	272.00	46,XY	Negative
25	Female	51	2.00	46,XX	Negative
26	Female	54	66.00	46,XX	Negative
27	Male	31	160.00	Missed	Negative
28	Male	21	42.00	Missed	Positive
29	Female	28	75.00	46,XX,t(1;9)	Negative
30	Male	36	2.60	Missed	Positive
31	Female	38	8.20	Missed	Positive
32	Male	43	44.00	46,XY,t(9;22)	Positive
33	Female	51	11.00	46,XY,t(9;22),del7	Positive
34	Male	39	4.40	46,XY	Negative
35	Male	20	450	46,XY	Positive
36	Male	22	35.00	46,XY	Negative
37	Male	20	117.00	Missed	Negative
38	Male	37	12.00	Missed	Negative
39	Male	22	33.00	Missed	Negative
40	Male	25	13.00	Missed	Negative
41	Male	36	10.00	46,XY	Positive
42	Male	19	43.00	Missed	Negative
43	Male	28	25.00	Missed	Negative
44	Female	38	8.20	46,XY,t(9;22)	Negative
45	Male	46	22.00	46,XX,t(4;11),inv(14)	Negative
46	Male	41	70.00	46,XY	Negative

↓ Table 4. Patients Disease Characteristics for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Number

Gender

Age at diagnosis (year)

WBC (× 10⁹/L)

Conventional karyotyping

PCR for BCR-Abl: positive/negative

PCR: polymerase chain reaction; WBC: white blood cell; M: male; F: female; BCR-ABL: breakpoint cluster region–Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog.

Male

9.60

46,XY

Negative

Male

13.00

46,XY

Negative

Male

25.00

46,XY

Negative

Male

159.00

46,XY, t(9;22)

Positive

Male

7.00

46,XY

Negative

Female

61.00

46,XX,t(4;11)

Negative

Male

4.20

46,XY, t(9;22)

Positive

Male

0.50

46,XY

Negative

Male

60.00

46,XY

Negative

Male

9.50

46,XY

Negative

Female

7.50

46,XY

Negative

Male

4.40

46,XY

Negative

Male

4.20

46,XY

Positive

Male

70.00

46,XY

Negative

Male

22.00

46,XY,t(4; 11)

Negative

Male

2.80

46,XY,t(9;22)

Positive

Male

61.00

47,XY,+21,der (1)(q), t(11;22)(p11;p11)

Negative

Male

60.00

46,XY

Negative

Male

5.80

47,XY, add,9,11

Negative

Male

22.00

46,XY

Negative

Male

18.00

46,XY

Negative

Female

2.10

46,XY

Negative

Female

37.00

Missed

Negative

Male

272.00

46,XY

Negative

Female

2.00

46,XX

Negative

Female

66.00

46,XX

Negative

Male

160.00

Missed

Negative

Male

42.00

Missed

Positive

Female

75.00

46,XX,t(1;9)

Negative

Male

2.60

Missed

Positive

Female

8.20

Missed

Positive

Male

44.00

46,XY,t(9;22)

Positive

Female

11.00

46,XY,t(9;22),del7

Positive

Male

4.40

46,XY

Negative

Male

450

46,XY

Positive

Male

35.00

46,XY

Negative

Male

117.00

Missed

Negative

Male

12.00

Missed

Negative

Male

33.00

Missed

Negative

Male

13.00

Missed

Negative

Male

10.00

46,XY

Positive

Male

43.00

Missed

Negative

Male

25.00

Missed

Negative

Female

8.20

46,XY,t(9;22)

Negative

Male

22.00

46,XX,t(4;11),inv(14)

Negative

Male

70.00

46,XY

Negative

↓ **Table 5.** Gender Distribution Among the Participants
Gender	ALL (n = 46)	Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 35)	Control (n = 30)	χ² test
P^a: control and ALL. P^b: control and Hodgkin lymphoma. P^c: ALL and Hodgkin lymphoma. M: male; F: female; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
F, n (%)	10 (21.7%)	20 (57.1%)	18 (58%)	0.000725	0.815739	0.001081
M, n (%)	36 (78.3%)	15 (42.9%)	12 (42%)

↓ Table 5. Gender Distribution Among the Participants

Gender

ALL (n = 46)

Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 35)

Control (n = 30)

χ² test

P^a value

P^b value

P^c value

P^a: control and ALL. P^b: control and Hodgkin lymphoma. P^c: ALL and Hodgkin lymphoma. M: male; F: female; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

F, n (%)

10 (21.7%)

20 (57.1%)

18 (58%)

0.000725

0.815739

0.001081

M, n (%)

36 (78.3%)

15 (42.9%)

12 (42%)