World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://wjon.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 5, October 2026, pages 623-632

Siglec-15 Expression in Gastric Carcinoma and Its Association With Clinicopathological Variables

↓ Figure 1. Representative immunohistochemistry images of Siglec-15 expression in gastric cancer tissues. (a) Positive Siglec-15 expression. (b) Negative Siglec-15 expression. (c) Positive membranous and cytoplasmic expression in tumor cells and Positive expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).

↓ Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis of overall survival in gastric cancer patients. (a) Association between cytoplasmic Siglec-15 expression and overall survival. (b) Association between membranous Siglec-15 expression and overall survival.

↓ Figure 3. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis of overall survival in gastric cancer patients. (a) Association between age and overall survival. (b) Association between clinical stage and overall survival. (c) Association between pathological T stage and overall survival.

↓ **Table 1.** Demographic, Clinicopathological, and Molecular Characteristics of Gastric Cancer Patients
Variable	Number	Percentage (%)
GC: gastric cancer; NA: not available; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage.
Gender
Female	29	37.7%
Male	48	62.3%
Differentiation
NA	2
Moderate	33	44.0%
Poor	42	56.0%
Clinical stage
NA	16
I	6	9.8%
II	15	24.6%
III	31	50.8%
IV	9	14.8%
Sigent cell
NA	1
No	53	69.7%
Yes	23	30.3%
Location
NA	3
Distal	38	51.3%
Proximal	23	31.1%
Whole	13	17.6%
Neoadjuvant therapy
No	51	66.2%
Yes	26	33.8%
Gastritis
No	64	83.1%
Yes	13	16.9%
H. pylori
No	69	89.6%
Yes	8	10.4%
Lymphovascular invasion
Yes	40	51.9%
No	37	48.1%
PD-L1
NEG	26	33.8%
POS	51	66.2%
pT
NA	1
T1	6	7.9%
T2	13	17.1%
T3	28	36.8%
T4	29	38.2%
pN
NA
N positive	57	76%
N0	18	24.0%
pM
NA	1
0	44	57.9%
1	32	42.1%
Laurén classification
Diffuse	29	37.7%
Indeterminate	29	37.7%
Intestinal	19	24.6%
Cytoplasmic Siglec-15 expression in GC cells
Negative	44	57.1%
Positive (≥ 40%)	33	42.9%
Membranous Siglec-15 expression in GC cells
Negative	51	66.2%
Positive (≥ 20%)	26	33.8%
Siglec-15 expression in TAM cells
Negative	49	63.6%
Positive (≥ 20%)	28	36.4%

↓ Table 1. Demographic, Clinicopathological, and Molecular Characteristics of Gastric Cancer Patients

Variable

Number

Percentage (%)

GC: gastric cancer; NA: not available; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage.

Gender

Female

37.7%

Male

62.3%

Differentiation

Moderate

44.0%

Poor

56.0%

Clinical stage

9.8%

24.6%

III

50.8%

14.8%

Sigent cell

69.7%

Yes

30.3%

Location

Distal

51.3%

Proximal

31.1%

Whole

17.6%

Neoadjuvant therapy

66.2%

Yes

33.8%

Gastritis

83.1%

Yes

16.9%

H. pylori

89.6%

Yes

10.4%

Lymphovascular invasion

Yes

51.9%

48.1%

PD-L1

NEG

33.8%

POS

66.2%

7.9%

17.1%

36.8%

38.2%

N positive

76%

24.0%

57.9%

42.1%

Laurén classification

Diffuse

37.7%

Indeterminate

37.7%

Intestinal

24.6%

Cytoplasmic Siglec-15 expression in GC cells

Negative

57.1%

Positive (≥ 40%)

42.9%

Membranous Siglec-15 expression in GC cells

Negative

66.2%

Positive (≥ 20%)

33.8%

Siglec-15 expression in TAM cells

Negative

63.6%

Positive (≥ 20%)

36.4%

↓ **Table 2.** Membranous and Cytoplasmic Siglec-15 Expression and Its Association With Various Clinical Variables in Gastric Cancer Patients
Variable	Category	Membranous	P-value	Cytoplasmic	P-value
*Statistically significant. PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1.
Age (years)	≤ 65	27 (52.9%)	14 (53.8%)	0.940	21 (47.7%)	20 (60.6%)	0.262
	> 65	24 (47.1%)	12 (46.2%)		23 (52.3%)	13 (39.4%)
Gender	Female	20 (39.2%)	9 (34.6%)	0.694	16 (36.4%)	13 (39.4%)	0.786
	Male	31 (60.8%)	17 (65.4%)		28 (63.6%)	20 (60.6%)
Differentiation	Moderate	18 (36.0%)	15 (60.0%)	0.048*	18 (42.9%)	15 (45.5%)	0.822
	Poor	32 (64.0%)	10 (40.0%)		24 (57.1%)	18 (54.5%)
Clinical stage	I & II	12 (30.0%)	9 (42.9%)	0.315	12 (35.3%)	9 (33.3%)	0.873
	III & IV	28 (70.0%)	12 (57.1%)		22 (64.7%)	18 (66.7%)
Signet ring cell	No	32 (64.0%)	21 (80.8%)	0.131	30 (69.8%)	23 (69.7%)	0.995
	Yes	18 (36.0%)	5 (19.2%)		13 (30.2%)	10 (30.3%)
Location	Distal	26 (54.2%)	12 (46.2%)	0.616	25 (59.5%)	13 (40.6%)	0.199
	Proximal	13 (27.1%)	10 (38.5%)		12 (28.6%)	11 (34.4%)
	Whole	9 (18.8%)	4 (15.4%)		5 (11.9%)	8 (25.0%)
Neoadjuvant therapy	No	35 (68.6%)	16 (61.5%)	0.534	32 (72.7%)	19 (57.6%)	0.164
	Yes	16 (31.4%)	10 (38.5%)		12 (27.3%)	14 (42.4%)
Gastritis	No	41 (80.4%)	23 (88.5%)	0.525	35 (79.5%)	29 (87.9%)	0.376
	Yes	10 (19.6%)	3 (11.5%)		9 (20.5%)	4 (12.1%)
H. pylori	No	45 (88.2%)	24 (92.3%)	0.710	39 (88.6%)	30 (90.9%)	1.000
	Yes	6 (11.8%)	2 (7.7%)		5 (11.4%)	3 (9.1%)
Lymphovascular invasion	Yes	24 (47.1%)	16 (61.5%)	0.229	19 (43.2%)	21 (63.6%)	0.075
	No	27 (52.9%)	10 (38.5%)		25 (56.8%)	12 (36.4%)
PD-L1	Negative	20 (39.2%)	6 (23.1%)	0.157	14 (31.8%)	12 (36.4%)	0.676
	Positive	31 (60.8%)	20 (76.9%)		30 (68.2%)	21 (63.6%)
pT stage	T1 & T2	14 (28.0%)	5 (19.2%)	0.402	14 (32.6%)	5 (15.2%)	0.111
	T3 & T4	36 (72.0%)	21 (80.8%)		29 (67.4%)	28 (84.8%)
pN status	N0	12 (24.5%)	6 (23.1%)	0.892	12 (27.9%)	6 (18.8%)	0.358
	N+	37 (75.5%)	20 (76.9%)		31 (72.1%)	26 (81.3%)
pM status	M0	26 (52.0%)	18 (69.2%)	0.149	21 (48.8%)	23 (69.7%)	0.068
	M1	24 (48.0%)	8 (30.8%)		22 (51.2%)	10 (30.3%)
Laurén type	Diffuse	22 (43.1%)	7 (26.9%)	0.365	15 (34.1%)	14 (42.4%)	0.501
	Indeterminate	18 (35.3%)	11 (42.3%)		16 (36.4%)	13 (39.4%)
	Intestinal	11 (21.6%)	8 (30.8%)		13 (29.5%)	6 (18.2%)

↓ Table 2. Membranous and Cytoplasmic Siglec-15 Expression and Its Association With Various Clinical Variables in Gastric Cancer Patients

Variable

Variable	Category	Negative (%)	Positive (%)	P-value
PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage.
Age (years)	≤ 65	24 (49.0%)	17 (60.7%)	0.321
	> 65	25 (51.0%)	11 (39.3%)
Gender	Female	18 (36.7%)	11 (39.3%)	0.824
	Male	31 (63.3%)	17 (60.7%)
Differentiation	Moderate	20 (41.7%)	13 (48.1%)	0.587
	Poor	28 (58.3%)	14 (51.9%)
Clinical stage	I & II	16 (41.0%)	5 (22.7%)	0.149
	III & IV	23 (59.0%)	17 (77.3%)
Signet ring cell	No	32 (66.7%)	21 (75.0%)	0.446
	Yes	16 (33.3%)	7 (25.0%)
Location	Distal	26 (56.5%)	12 (42.9%)	0.447
	Proximal	12 (26.1%)	11 (39.3%)
	Whole	8 (17.4%)	5 (17.9%)
Neoadjuvant therapy	No	32 (65.3%)	19 (67.9%)	0.820
	Yes	17 (34.7%)	9 (32.1%)
Gastritis	No	42 (85.7%)	22 (78.6%)	0.421
	Yes	7 (14.3%)	6 (21.4%)
H. pylori	No	44 (89.8%)	25 (89.3%)	1.000
	Yes	5 (10.2%)	3 (10.7%)
Lymphovascular invasion	Yes	22 (44.9%)	18 (64.3%)	0.101
	No	27 (55.1%)	10 (35.7%)
PD-L1	Negative	20 (40.8%)	6 (21.4%)	0.084
	Positive	29 (59.2%)	22 (78.6%)
pT stage	T1 & T2	15 (31.3%)	4 (14.3%)	0.169
	T3 & T4	33 (68.8%)	24 (85.7%)
pN status	N0	13 (27.1%)	5 (18.5%)	0.404
	N+	35 (72.9%)	22 (81.5%)
pM status	M0	28 (58.3%)	16 (57.1%)	0.919
	M1	20 (41.7%)	12 (42.9%)
Laurén type	Diffuse	20 (40.8%)	9 (32.1%)	0.720
	Indeterminate	18 (36.7%)	11 (39.3%)
	Intestinal	11 (22.4%)	10 (28.6%)