World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://wjon.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 1, February 2026, pages 106-115

Survival Analysis and Treatment Strategies for Locally Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

↓ Figure 2. Survival curves of subgroups of 136 elderly patients with locally advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.

↓ **Table 1.** Clinical Characteristics of 278 Cases of Locally Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Factor	Group	Case, n (%)
Gender	Male	255 (91.7%)
	Female	23 (8.3%)
Age	< 65 years	136 (48.9%)
	≥ 65 years	142 (51.1%)
Location	Central	204 (73.3%)
	Peripheral	74 (26.7%)
N stage	N0	21 (7.5%)
	N1	7 (2.5%)
	N2	165 (59.4%)
	N3	85 (30.6%)
T stage	T1b	1 (0.3%)
	T1c	28 (10.1%)
	T2a	15 (5.4%)
	T2b	66 (23.7%)
	T3	58 (20.9%)
	T4	110 (39.6%)
TNM stage	IIIa	106 (38.1%)
	IIIb	121 (43.5%)
	IIIc	51 (18.4%)
Differentiation	Medium/high low	186 (66.9%)
	Adenocarcinoma	87 (31.3%)
	Squamous	5 (1.8%)

↓ Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of 278 Cases of Locally Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Factor

Group

Case, n (%)

Gender

Male

255 (91.7%)

Female

23 (8.3%)

Age

< 65 years

136 (48.9%)

≥ 65 years

142 (51.1%)

Location

Central

204 (73.3%)

Peripheral

74 (26.7%)

N stage

21 (7.5%)

7 (2.5%)

165 (59.4%)

85 (30.6%)

T stage

T1b

1 (0.3%)

T1c

28 (10.1%)

T2a

15 (5.4%)

T2b

66 (23.7%)

58 (20.9%)

110 (39.6%)

TNM stage

IIIa

106 (38.1%)

IIIb

121 (43.5%)

IIIc

51 (18.4%)

Differentiation

Medium/high low

186 (66.9%)

Adenocarcinoma

87 (31.3%)

Squamous

5 (1.8%)

↓ **Table 2.** Univariate Analysis of OS in 278 Patients With Locally Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Factor	Group	Case, n	OS (%)	P value
OS: overall survival; PD: progressive disease; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.
Smoke	No	55	67.3	55.9	33.0	0.012
	Yes	223	47.0	37.0	21.1
Age	< 65 years	141	57.4	48.8	31.5	0.004
	≥ 65 years	137	44.3	32.3	15.6
Location	Central	204	45.0	35.7	19.4	0.001
	Peripheral	74	67.6	55.0	36.2
Chemotherapy	No	64	45.0	33.0	19.9	0.026
	Yes	214	52.8	42.9	25.2
Radiation pneumonitis	No	194	51.9	45.3	29.1	0.041
	Yes	84	48,8	30.7	14.7
Short-term effects	PR	158	60.6	50.5	31.8
	SD	82	47.6	37.8	20.5	< 0.001
	PD	38	21.1	7.9	0
PFS1 subgroup	< 12 ms	98	34.7	25.4	8.4	< 0.001
	≥ 12 ms	180	62.1	49.2	34.1

↓ Table 2. Univariate Analysis of OS in 278 Patients With Locally Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Factor

Group

Case, n

OS (%)

P value

3 years

5 years

10 years

OS: overall survival; PD: progressive disease; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.

Smoke

67.3

55.9

33.0

0.012

Yes

223

47.0

37.0

21.1

Age

< 65 years

141

57.4

48.8

31.5

0.004

≥ 65 years

137

44.3

32.3

15.6

Location

Central

204

45.0

35.7

19.4

0.001

Peripheral

67.6

55.0

36.2

Chemotherapy

45.0

33.0

19.9

0.026

Yes

214

52.8

42.9

25.2

Radiation pneumonitis

194

51.9

45.3

29.1

0.041

Yes

48,8

30.7

14.7

Short-term effects

158

60.6

50.5

31.8

47.6

37.8

20.5

< 0.001

21.1

7.9

PFS1 subgroup

< 12 ms

34.7

25.4

8.4

< 0.001

≥ 12 ms

180

62.1

49.2

34.1

↓ **Table 3.** Cox Multivariate Analysis of OS
	HR (95.0% CI)	P value
CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; CR: complete response; PD: progressive disease; PFS: progression-free survival; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.
Age		< 0.001
< 65 years	1 (ref)
≥ 65 years	0.50 (0.371 - 0.674)
Location
Central	1 (ref)	0.002
Peripheral	1.74 (1.226 - 2.483)
Radiation pneumonitis		0.048
No	1 (ref)
Yes	0.736 (0.543 - 0.997)
PFS1 subgroup		< 0.001
CR + PR	1 (ref)
SD + PD	0.53 (0.396 - 0.709)
PFS1 subgroup		< 0.001
< 12 ms	1 (ref)
≥ 12 ms	2.70 (2.006 - 3.649)

↓ Table 3. Cox Multivariate Analysis of OS

HR (95.0% CI)

P value

CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; CR: complete response; PD: progressive disease; PFS: progression-free survival; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.

Age

< 0.001

< 65 years

1 (ref)

≥ 65 years

0.50 (0.371 - 0.674)

Location

Central

1 (ref)

0.002

Peripheral

1.74 (1.226 - 2.483)

Radiation pneumonitis

0.048

1 (ref)

Yes

0.736 (0.543 - 0.997)

PFS1 subgroup

< 0.001

CR + PR

1 (ref)

SD + PD

0.53 (0.396 - 0.709)

PFS1 subgroup

< 0.001

< 12 ms

1 (ref)

≥ 12 ms

2.70 (2.006 - 3.649)

↓ **Table 4.** Single Factor Analysis of PFS1
Factor	Group	Case, n	PFS1 (%)	P value
CR: complete response; PD: progressive disease; PFS: progression-free survival; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.
Smoke	No	55	40.0	33.9	23.7	0.005
	Yes	223	25.9	18.7	4.1
Alcohol	No	153	35.3	26.7	14.9	0.001
	Yes	125	20.3	15.6	1.5
Location	Central	204	24.3	16.9	5.1	0.001
	Peripheral	74	41.9	35.0	16.7
Actual completed dose of radiotherapy	< 60 Gy	81	24.6	20.3	3.9	0.017
	≥ 60 Gy	197	30.4	22.6	9.9
Radiation pneumonitis	No	194	31.4	24.4	9.4	0.045
	Yes	84	22,6	16.2	5.5
Stratification of first-line treatment efficacy	CR + PR	158	60.0	50.5	31.8
	SD + PD	120	39.2	29.2	15.1	< 0.001

↓ Table 4. Single Factor Analysis of PFS1

Factor

Group

Case, n

PFS1 (%)

P value

3 years

5 years

10 years

CR: complete response; PD: progressive disease; PFS: progression-free survival; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.

Smoke

40.0

33.9

23.7

0.005

Yes

223

25.9

18.7

4.1

Alcohol

153

35.3

26.7

14.9

0.001

Yes

125

20.3

15.6

1.5

Location

Central

204

24.3

16.9

5.1

0.001

Peripheral

41.9

35.0

16.7

Actual completed dose of radiotherapy

< 60 Gy

24.6

20.3

3.9

0.017

≥ 60 Gy

197

30.4

22.6

9.9

Radiation pneumonitis

194

31.4

24.4

9.4

0.045

Yes

22,6

16.2

5.5

Stratification of first-line treatment efficacy

CR + PR

158

60.0

50.5

31.8

SD + PD

120

39.2

29.2

15.1

< 0.001

↓ **Table 5.** Cox Multivariate Analysis of PFS1
	HR (95.0% CI)	P value
CI: confidence interval; CR: complete response; HR: hazard ratio; PD: progressive disease; PFS: progression-free survival; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.
Radiotherapy efficacy		0.044
CR + PR	1 (ref)
SD + PD	0.756 (0.576 - 0.992)
Actual completed dose of radiotherapy		0.020
< 60 Gy	1 (ref)
≥ 60 Gy	1.388 (1.053 - 1.829)

↓ Table 5. Cox Multivariate Analysis of PFS1

HR (95.0% CI)

P value

CI: confidence interval; CR: complete response; HR: hazard ratio; PD: progressive disease; PFS: progression-free survival; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease.

Radiotherapy efficacy

0.044

CR + PR

1 (ref)

SD + PD

0.756 (0.576 - 0.992)

Actual completed dose of radiotherapy

0.020

< 60 Gy

1 (ref)

≥ 60 Gy

1.388 (1.053 - 1.829)