| World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://wjon.elmerpub.com |
Original Article
Volume 16, Number 5, October 2025, pages 439-445
Demographic Variations in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Adverse Events: A Real-World Study
Tables
| irAEs | Demographic factors | Coefficient (β) | SE | OR | 95% CI | Adjusted P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| irAEs: immune-related adverse events; SE: standard error; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. | ||||||
| Dermatitis | BMI range > 30 | 1.8 | 0.64 | 5.36 | 1.25 - 22.9 | 0.024 |
| Hispanic Ethnicity | -1.5 | 0.69 | 0.22 | 0.057 - 0.86 | 0.029 | |
| Neutropenia | Age range 65 - 79 | -0.88 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.19 - 0.69 | 0.007 |
| Age range > 79 | -1.7 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 0.08 - 0.39 | < 0.001 | |
| African American Race | 2.15 | 1.04 | 10.29 | 1.36 - 77.2 | 0.024 | |
| Sex Male | -0.7 | 0.31 | 0.51 | 0.27 - 0.95 | 0.033 | |
| Anemia | Age range > 79 | -0.64 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.24 - 0.95 | 0.034 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | -0.9 | 0.45 | 0.4 | 0.18 - 0.98 | 0.045 | |
| Thrombocytopenia | Age range 65 - 79 | -0.91 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.18 - 0.94 | 0.036 |
| Age range > 79 | -1.0 | 0.42 | 0.36 | 0.16 - 0.82 | 0.02 | |
| Characteristics | Cluster 1 (n = 176, 75.2%) | Cluster 2 (n = 58, 24.8%) |
|---|---|---|
| BMI: body mass index. | ||
| Pembrolizumab | 100.00% | 0.00% |
| Nivolumab | 0.00% | 75.9% |
| Ipilimumab + nivolumab | 0.00% | 24.10% |
| Anemia | 53.40% | 75.9% |
| Age range (≥ 80) | 38.10% | 0.00% |
| Age range (65 - 79) | 0.00% | 44.80% |
| Colitis | 72.70% | 84.50% |
| Race (White) | 84.10% | 86.20% |
| Neutropenia | 70.50% | 81.00% |
| Pneumonitis | 86.40% | 93.10% |
| Sex (male) | 59.70% | 51.70% |
| Thrombocytopenia | 85.20% | 89.70% |
| Hepatitis | 67.20% | 63.80% |
| Dermatitis | 79.50% | 81.00% |
| Thyroiditis | 64.80% | 65.50% |
| BMI > 30 | 42.60% | 46.60% |