World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://wjon.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 16, Number 2, April 2025, pages 161-172

Actionable Mutations and Survival Rates in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

↓ Figure 1. The mutations for each gene including synonymous variants (a), and excluding synonymous variants arranged in ascending order (b).

↓ Figure 2. Mutations of actionable genes detected in 121 lung cancer patients (color-coded by gene). Reference genome database: GRCh38, and Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature.

↓ Figure 3. Mutations of other actionable genes detected in two patients or more. Reference genome database: (GRCh38), and Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature.

↓ Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients according to (a) gender, (b) metastasis events, (c) smoking, and (d) relapse.

↓ **Table 1.** Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients
Clinical and pathological parameters	N (%) (n = 121)
Tumor histology
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	107 (88)
Adenosquamous	1 (0.8)
Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma	1 (0.8)
Squamous cell carcinoma	26 (21)
Adenocarcinoma	79 (65)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)	3 (2.4)
Undefined	10 (8)
Gender
Male	101 (83)
Female	20 (17)
Age
≤ 60	33 (27)
> 60	88 (73)
Clinical stage
T1	31 (26)
T2	36 (30)
T3	38 (31)
T4	13 (11)
Metastasis
Yes	9 (7)
No	89 (74)
Undefined	23 (19)
Primary lung tumor
Yes	88 (73)
No	10 (8)
Unknown	23 (19)
Smoking
Yes	87 (72)
No	21 (17)
Unknown	13 (11)

↓ Table 1. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients

Clinical and pathological parameters

N (%) (n = 121)

Tumor histology

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

107 (88)

Adenosquamous

1 (0.8)

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

1 (0.8)

Squamous cell carcinoma

26 (21)

Adenocarcinoma

79 (65)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

3 (2.4)

Undefined

10 (8)

Gender

Male

101 (83)

Female

20 (17)

Age

≤ 60

33 (27)

> 60

88 (73)

Clinical stage

31 (26)

36 (30)

38 (31)

13 (11)

Metastasis

Yes

9 (7)

89 (74)

Undefined

23 (19)

Primary lung tumor

Yes

88 (73)

10 (8)

Unknown

23 (19)

Smoking

Yes

87 (72)

21 (17)

Unknown

13 (11)

↓ Table 2. Indels Variations Detected in All Genes Hot Spots of Panel Analyzed

Gene

Frameshift type

CDS change: AA change

Frequency (%) (n = 121)

CDS: coding sequence; AA: amino acid.

NRAS

Non-frameshift deletion

c.122_124del:p.R41del

1 (0.008)

Non-frameshift insertion

c.26_27insGGT:p.V9_G10insV

4 (0.033)

DDR2

Non-frameshift insertion

c.1449_1450insAAATAT:p.E483_P484insKY

1 (0.008)

Non-frameshift deletion

c.1764_1769del:p.K591_D592del

1 (0.008)

Non-frameshift deletion

c.2343_2360del:p.F781_Q787delinsL

2 (0.0165)

ALK

Frameshift insertion

c.562_563insAGAAGCTGTC:p.L188Qfs*32

1 (0.008)

c.2635_2636insAGAAGCTGTC:p.L879Qfs*32

c.3766_3767insAGAAGCTGTC:p.L1256Qfs*32

ERBB4

Frameshift insertion

c.1720dupG:p.A574Gfs*10

7 (0.058)

c.1798dupG:p.A600Gfs*10

Frameshift deletion

c.720delT:p.F240Lfs*34

1 (0.008)

c.798delT:p.F266Lfs*34

Frameshift deletion

c.712delC:p.Q238Kfs*36

2 (0.0165)

c.790delC:p.Q264Kfs*36

Frameshift deletion

c.248_257del:p.K83Rfs*10

1 (0.008)

c.326_335del:p.K109Rfs*10

c.149_158del:p.K50Rfs*10

PIKC3A

Stopgain

c.292delT:p.L99*

2 (0.0165)

Stopgain

c.297delA:p.V101*

1 (0.008)

Frameshift deletion

c.1246delA:p.E417Rfs*11

2 (0.0165)

Frameshift insertion

c.2686_2687insTG:p.F897Cfs*11

1 (0.008)

FGFR3

Frameshift insertion

c.2047dupC:p.A685Gfs*20

2 (0.0165)

c.2315dupC:p.G774Rfs*24

c.2389dupC:p.A799Gfs*20

Frameshift insertion

c.2068dupG:p.S692Lfs*13

2 (0.0165)

c.2336dupG:p.L781Afs*17

c.2410dupG:p.S806Lfs*13

c.2392dupG:p.S800Lfs*13

c.2404dupG:p.S804Lfs*13

EGFR

Non-frameshift insertion

c.2161_2162insTGGCCAGCG:p.V724_D725insASV

1 (0.008)

c.2296_2297insTGGCCAGCG:p.V769_D770insASV:

c.2137_2138insTGGCCAGCG:p.V716_D717insASV

FGFR1

Non-frameshift insertion

c.121_122insGTG:p.D40_D41insG

2 (0.0165)

c.121_122insGTG:p.D40_D41insG

c.388_389insGTG:p.D129_D130insG

Non-frameshift insertion

c.114_115insAAT:p.D38_D39insN

2 (0.0165)

c.381_382insAAT:p.D127_D128insN

c.114_115insAAT:p.D38_D39insN

NOTCH1

Frameshift insertion

c.2331_2332insTG:p.L778Cfs*2

49 (0.40)

c.4620_4621insTG:p.L1541Cfs*2

c.4734_4735insTG:p.L1579Cfs*2

c.4614_4615insTG:p.L1539Cfs*2

PTEN

Frameshift deletion

c.668_672del:p.F223Lfs*3

1 (0.008)

c.713_717del:p.F238Lfs*3

c.1232_1236del:p.F411Lfs*3

Frameshift deletion

c.750delA:p.K252Rfs*9

3 (0.025)

c.795delA:p.K267Rfs*9

c.1314delA:p.K440Rfs*9

Frameshift insertion

c.910dupA:p.T304Nfs*6

1 (0.008)

c.955dupA:p.T319Nfs*6

c.1474dupA:p.T492Nfs*6

Frameshift deletion

c.918delA:p.N308Mfs*21

3 (0.025)

c.963delA:p.N323Mfs*40

c.963delA:p.N323Mfs*21

c.1482delA:p.N496Mfs*21

FGFR2

Frameshift insertion

c.765dupG:p.E256Gfs*66

2 (0.0165)

c.756dupG:p.E253Gfs*64

c.759dupG:p.E254Gfs*66

c.834dupG:p.E279Gfs*64

c.1101dupG:p.E368Gfs*64

c.834dupG:p.E279Gfs*66

c.837dupG:p.E280Gfs*66

c.1104dupG:p.E369Gfs*66

c.417dupG:p.E140Gfs*66

c.834dupG:p.E279Gfs*66

c.1101dupG:p.E368Gfs*66

c.1104dupG:p.E369Gfs*66

AKT1

Non-frameshift insertion

c.87_88insCTC:p.L29_K30insL

1 (0.008)

TP53

Frameshift insertion

c.398dupT:p.R135Tfs*5

1 (0.008)

c.317dupT:p.R108Tfs*5

c.794dupT:p.R267Tfs*5

c.677dupT:p.R228Tfs*5

Frameshift deletion

c.87delC:p.I30Sfs*8

1 (0.008)

c.6delC:p.I3Sfs*8

c.87delC:p.I30Sfs*8

c.483delC:p.I162Sfs*8

c.204delC:p.I69Sfs*8

c.366delC:p.I123Sfs*8

SMAD4

Non-frameshift insertion

c.326_327insAAAACATGA:p.H111_V112insEKH

1 (0.008)

Frameshift insertion

c.397_398insACGA:p.V136Tfs*8

2 (0.0165)

c.397_398insACGA:p.V136Tfs*6

Frameshift insertion

c.936dupT:p.P313Sfs*46

2 (0.0165)

c.936dupT:p.P313Sfs*9

↓ **Table 3.** Correlation of Clinical and Pathological Parameters Between Carriers and Non-Carriers of Actionable Variants
Clinical and pathological parameters	Carriers of actionable mutations^a (n = 35)	Non-carriers of actionable mutations (n = 86)	P value^b
^aExcluding synonymous mutations. ^bBased on carriers of one common mutation or more. Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used (excluding missing data). The result is not significant (P > 0.05).
Tumor histology			0.574
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)	0	3
NSCLC (adenosquamous)	0	1
NSCLC (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma)	0	0
NSCLC (squamous cell carcinoma)	5	18
NSCLC (adenocarcinoma)	23	56
Unknown	7	7
Gender			0.752
Male	27	66
Female	8	19
Age			0.946
≤ 60	7	20
> 60	21	58
Unknown	7	9
Tumor clinical stage			0.438
T1	7	20
T2	11	22
T3	11	22
T4	6	4
Metastasis			0.797
Yes	3	9
No	24	60
Unknown	8	17
Primary tumor			0.774
Yes	24	69
No	3	7
Unknown	8	10
Smoking			0.484
Yes	21	51
No	2	9
Unknown	13	27

↓ Table 3. Correlation of Clinical and Pathological Parameters Between Carriers and Non-Carriers of Actionable Variants

Clinical and pathological parameters

Carriers of actionable mutations^a (n = 35)

Non-carriers of actionable mutations (n = 86)

P value^b

^aExcluding synonymous mutations. ^bBased on carriers of one common mutation or more. Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used (excluding missing data). The result is not significant (P > 0.05).

Tumor histology

0.574

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

NSCLC (adenosquamous)

NSCLC (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma)

NSCLC (squamous cell carcinoma)

NSCLC (adenocarcinoma)

Unknown

Gender

0.752

Male

Female

Age

0.946

≤ 60

> 60

Unknown

Tumor clinical stage

0.438

Metastasis

0.797

Yes

Unknown

Primary tumor

0.774

Yes

Unknown

Smoking

0.484

Yes

Unknown