World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://wjon.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 16, Number 2, April 2025, pages 161-172

Actionable Mutations and Survival Rates in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Figure 1. The mutations for each gene including synonymous variants (a), and excluding synonymous variants arranged in ascending order (b).

Figure 2. Mutations of actionable genes detected in 121 lung cancer patients (color-coded by gene). Reference genome database: GRCh38, and Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature.

Figure 3. Mutations of other actionable genes detected in two patients or more. Reference genome database: (GRCh38), and Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature.

Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients according to (a) gender, (b) metastasis events, (c) smoking, and (d) relapse.

**Table 1.** Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients
Clinical and pathological parameters	N (%) (n = 121)
Tumor histology
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	107 (88)
Adenosquamous	1 (0.8)
Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma	1 (0.8)
Squamous cell carcinoma	26 (21)
Adenocarcinoma	79 (65)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)	3 (2.4)
Undefined	10 (8)
Gender
Male	101 (83)
Female	20 (17)
Age
≤ 60	33 (27)
> 60	88 (73)
Clinical stage
T1	31 (26)
T2	36 (30)
T3	38 (31)
T4	13 (11)
Metastasis
Yes	9 (7)
No	89 (74)
Undefined	23 (19)
Primary lung tumor
Yes	88 (73)
No	10 (8)
Unknown	23 (19)
Smoking
Yes	87 (72)
No	21 (17)
Unknown	13 (11)

Table 1. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients

Clinical and pathological parameters

N (%) (n = 121)

Tumor histology

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

107 (88)

Adenosquamous

1 (0.8)

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

1 (0.8)

Squamous cell carcinoma

26 (21)

Adenocarcinoma

79 (65)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

3 (2.4)

Undefined

10 (8)

Gender

Male

101 (83)

Female

20 (17)

Age

≤ 60

33 (27)

> 60

88 (73)

Clinical stage

31 (26)

36 (30)

38 (31)

13 (11)

Metastasis

Yes

9 (7)

89 (74)

Undefined

23 (19)

Primary lung tumor

Yes

88 (73)

10 (8)

Unknown

23 (19)

Smoking

Yes

87 (72)

21 (17)

Unknown

13 (11)

Table 2. Indels Variations Detected in All Genes Hot Spots of Panel Analyzed

Gene

Frameshift type

CDS change: AA change

Frequency (%) (n = 121)

CDS: coding sequence; AA: amino acid.

NRAS

Non-frameshift deletion

c.122_124del:p.R41del

1 (0.008)

Non-frameshift insertion

c.26_27insGGT:p.V9_G10insV

4 (0.033)

DDR2

Non-frameshift insertion

c.1449_1450insAAATAT:p.E483_P484insKY

1 (0.008)

Non-frameshift deletion

c.1764_1769del:p.K591_D592del

1 (0.008)

Non-frameshift deletion

c.2343_2360del:p.F781_Q787delinsL

2 (0.0165)

ALK

Frameshift insertion

c.562_563insAGAAGCTGTC:p.L188Qfs*32

1 (0.008)

c.2635_2636insAGAAGCTGTC:p.L879Qfs*32

c.3766_3767insAGAAGCTGTC:p.L1256Qfs*32

ERBB4

Frameshift insertion

c.1720dupG:p.A574Gfs*10

7 (0.058)

c.1798dupG:p.A600Gfs*10

Frameshift deletion

c.720delT:p.F240Lfs*34

1 (0.008)

c.798delT:p.F266Lfs*34

Frameshift deletion

c.712delC:p.Q238Kfs*36

2 (0.0165)

c.790delC:p.Q264Kfs*36

Frameshift deletion

c.248_257del:p.K83Rfs*10

1 (0.008)

c.326_335del:p.K109Rfs*10

c.149_158del:p.K50Rfs*10

PIKC3A

Stopgain

c.292delT:p.L99*

2 (0.0165)

Stopgain

c.297delA:p.V101*

1 (0.008)

Frameshift deletion

c.1246delA:p.E417Rfs*11

2 (0.0165)

Frameshift insertion

c.2686_2687insTG:p.F897Cfs*11

1 (0.008)

FGFR3

Frameshift insertion

c.2047dupC:p.A685Gfs*20

2 (0.0165)

c.2315dupC:p.G774Rfs*24

c.2389dupC:p.A799Gfs*20

Frameshift insertion

c.2068dupG:p.S692Lfs*13

2 (0.0165)

c.2336dupG:p.L781Afs*17

c.2410dupG:p.S806Lfs*13

c.2392dupG:p.S800Lfs*13

c.2404dupG:p.S804Lfs*13

EGFR

Non-frameshift insertion

c.2161_2162insTGGCCAGCG:p.V724_D725insASV

1 (0.008)

c.2296_2297insTGGCCAGCG:p.V769_D770insASV:

c.2137_2138insTGGCCAGCG:p.V716_D717insASV

FGFR1

Non-frameshift insertion

c.121_122insGTG:p.D40_D41insG

2 (0.0165)

c.121_122insGTG:p.D40_D41insG

c.388_389insGTG:p.D129_D130insG

Non-frameshift insertion

c.114_115insAAT:p.D38_D39insN

2 (0.0165)

c.381_382insAAT:p.D127_D128insN

c.114_115insAAT:p.D38_D39insN

NOTCH1

Frameshift insertion

c.2331_2332insTG:p.L778Cfs*2

49 (0.40)

c.4620_4621insTG:p.L1541Cfs*2

c.4734_4735insTG:p.L1579Cfs*2

c.4614_4615insTG:p.L1539Cfs*2

PTEN

Frameshift deletion

c.668_672del:p.F223Lfs*3

1 (0.008)

c.713_717del:p.F238Lfs*3

c.1232_1236del:p.F411Lfs*3

Frameshift deletion

c.750delA:p.K252Rfs*9

3 (0.025)

c.795delA:p.K267Rfs*9

c.1314delA:p.K440Rfs*9

Frameshift insertion

c.910dupA:p.T304Nfs*6

1 (0.008)

c.955dupA:p.T319Nfs*6

c.1474dupA:p.T492Nfs*6

Frameshift deletion

c.918delA:p.N308Mfs*21

3 (0.025)

c.963delA:p.N323Mfs*40

c.963delA:p.N323Mfs*21

c.1482delA:p.N496Mfs*21

FGFR2

Frameshift insertion

c.765dupG:p.E256Gfs*66

2 (0.0165)

c.756dupG:p.E253Gfs*64

c.759dupG:p.E254Gfs*66

c.834dupG:p.E279Gfs*64

c.1101dupG:p.E368Gfs*64

c.834dupG:p.E279Gfs*66

c.837dupG:p.E280Gfs*66

c.1104dupG:p.E369Gfs*66

c.417dupG:p.E140Gfs*66

c.834dupG:p.E279Gfs*66

c.1101dupG:p.E368Gfs*66

c.1104dupG:p.E369Gfs*66

AKT1

Non-frameshift insertion

c.87_88insCTC:p.L29_K30insL

1 (0.008)

TP53

Frameshift insertion

c.398dupT:p.R135Tfs*5

1 (0.008)

c.317dupT:p.R108Tfs*5

c.794dupT:p.R267Tfs*5

c.677dupT:p.R228Tfs*5

Frameshift deletion

c.87delC:p.I30Sfs*8

1 (0.008)

c.6delC:p.I3Sfs*8

c.87delC:p.I30Sfs*8

c.483delC:p.I162Sfs*8

c.204delC:p.I69Sfs*8

c.366delC:p.I123Sfs*8

SMAD4

Non-frameshift insertion

c.326_327insAAAACATGA:p.H111_V112insEKH

1 (0.008)

Frameshift insertion

c.397_398insACGA:p.V136Tfs*8

2 (0.0165)

c.397_398insACGA:p.V136Tfs*6

Frameshift insertion

c.936dupT:p.P313Sfs*46

2 (0.0165)

c.936dupT:p.P313Sfs*9

**Table 3.** Correlation of Clinical and Pathological Parameters Between Carriers and Non-Carriers of Actionable Variants
Clinical and pathological parameters	Carriers of actionable mutations^a (n = 35)	Non-carriers of actionable mutations (n = 86)	P value^b
^aExcluding synonymous mutations. ^bBased on carriers of one common mutation or more. Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used (excluding missing data). The result is not significant (P > 0.05).
Tumor histology			0.574
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)	0	3
NSCLC (adenosquamous)	0	1
NSCLC (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma)	0	0
NSCLC (squamous cell carcinoma)	5	18
NSCLC (adenocarcinoma)	23	56
Unknown	7	7
Gender			0.752
Male	27	66
Female	8	19
Age			0.946
≤ 60	7	20
> 60	21	58
Unknown	7	9
Tumor clinical stage			0.438
T1	7	20
T2	11	22
T3	11	22
T4	6	4
Metastasis			0.797
Yes	3	9
No	24	60
Unknown	8	17
Primary tumor			0.774
Yes	24	69
No	3	7
Unknown	8	10
Smoking			0.484
Yes	21	51
No	2	9
Unknown	13	27

Table 3. Correlation of Clinical and Pathological Parameters Between Carriers and Non-Carriers of Actionable Variants

Clinical and pathological parameters

Carriers of actionable mutations^a (n = 35)

Non-carriers of actionable mutations (n = 86)

P value^b

^aExcluding synonymous mutations. ^bBased on carriers of one common mutation or more. Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used (excluding missing data). The result is not significant (P > 0.05).

Tumor histology

0.574

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

NSCLC (adenosquamous)

NSCLC (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma)

NSCLC (squamous cell carcinoma)

NSCLC (adenocarcinoma)

Unknown

Gender

0.752

Male

Female

Age

0.946

≤ 60

> 60

Unknown

Tumor clinical stage

0.438

Metastasis

0.797

Yes

Unknown

Primary tumor

0.774

Yes

Unknown

Smoking

0.484

Yes

Unknown